Recenze Nuclear Fusion

Chapter 1 Introduction Fusion as an energy source World energy supply and demand Availability of fusion fuel Risk factors for energy sources: Comparative risks of fusion to other energy technologies Prospects for a fusion energy technology Historical background Chapter 2 Fusion nuclear reactions Cross sections and reactivity Resonant and non-resonant fusion reactions Reactivity models for maxwellian distributions Reactivity in beam-maxwellian systems Chapter 3 Energy gain and loss mechanisms in plasmas and reactors Charged particle heating Ohmic heating External heating methods Radiation loss: Charge Exchange Reactor energy balance Lawson criterion and Q Pulsed vs. steady state energy balance Thermal conversion efficiency Blankets Chapter 4 Magnetic Confinement MHD fluid equations Pressure balance Magnetic pressure concept and Z pinch: Bennett pinch theorem Instabilities in Z pinch Perhapsatron Tokamak configuration Grad-Shafranov equation Numerical solutions Effect of flow on equilibrium Chapter 5 MHD instabilities Ideal MHD Energy Principle Interchange instability Kink and sausage instability Wesson diagram for tokamak stability Ballooning modes Numerical solutions Resistive MHD Magnetic Islands ' and Rutherford growth Magnetic stochasticity theory= and= transport Vlasov equation Collision operators Braginskii transport equations Timescale hierarchy for electrons and ions Beam slowing down Chapter 7 Neoclassical effects Pfirsch-Schluter regime Trapped particles Bootstrap current Neoclassical tearing mode ELMs and MARFEs Chapter 8 Waves in plasma Cold plasma dispersion relation: CMA diagram Cutoffs and resonances Warm plasma waves WKB approximation Ray tracing and accessibility Laser-plasma interactions Chapter 9 RF heating in magnetic fusion devices Ion cyclotron heating: sources, antennas, transmission lines Lower hybrid heating: sources, antennas, transmission lines Electron cyclotron heating: sources, antennas, transmission linesIon Bernstein waves and high harmonic fast waves RF current drive Runaway electrons Chapter 10 Neutral beam injection Positive and negative ion sources Neutralization efficiency Child-Langmuir law Beam optics calculations High voltage breakdown issues Chapter 11 Inertial confinement Direct vs. indirect drive Lasers, optics, frequency doubling and tripling Hohlraum design Capsule hydrodynamics Rayleigh-Taylor instability Electron preheat and mix Heavy ion drivers Fast ignition Numerical simulations Chapter 12 Magnets Superconductivity Thermal stability Stress calculations Bending moments and torsional stability Radiation damage Chapter 13 Tritium Health issues: HTO vs. HT Sievert's law and leakage calculations H-D-T separation processes Availability and cost He-3 recovery Chapter 14 Materials issues First wall: MFE vs. IFE Thermal shock and fatigue Thermal stress calculations Coolant compatibility Plasma-wall interaction Radiation damage: dpa cross sections and He production Embrittlement, void swelling, and creep Composite materials Divertor and limiter design Chapter 15 Vacuum systems Cryogenics Cryopumps Scroll pumps Conductance calculations Transient response of vacuum systems Chapter 16 Blankets Li vs. LiPb vs. LiO Tritium removal Fire safety ressure Fission hybrid decay heat issues Chapter 17 Economics and Sustainability The cost of money Material availability Plant lifetime consideration Site licenses Accident mitigation Is it Green? schovat popis