Unit 1: Physical and Chemical Foundations of Physiology

1.1. The Core Principles of Physiology

1.2. Physical Foundations of Physiology I: Pressure-Driven Flow

1.3. Physical Foundations of Physiology II: Electrical Force, Potential, Capacitance, and Current

Problem Set 1.1. Physical Foundations: Pressure and Electrical Forces and Flows

1.4. Chemical Foundations of Physiology I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

1.5. Chemical Foundations of Physiology II: Concentration and Kinetics

1.6. Diffusion

1.7. Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Problem Set 1.2. Kinetics and Diffusion

Unit 2: Membranes, Transport, and Metabolism

2.1. Cell Structure

2.2. DNA and Protein Synthesis

2.3. Protein Structure

2.4. Biological Membranes

Problem Set 2.1. Surface Tension, Membrane Surface Tension, Membrane Structure, Microscopic Resolution, and Cell Fractionation

2.5. Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

2.6. Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

2.7. Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Problem Set 2.2. Membrane Transport

2.8. Cell Signaling

2.9. ATP Production I: Glycolysis

2.10. ATP Production II: The TCA Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

2.11. ATP Production III: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Unit 3: Physiology of Excitable Cells

3.1. The Origin of the Resting Membrane Potential

3.2. The Action Potential

3.3. Propagation of the Action Potential

Problem Set 3.1. Membrane Potential, Action Potential, and Nerve Conduction

3.4. Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

3.5. Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

3.6. The Neuromuscular Junction and Excitation-Contraction Coupling

3.7. Muscle Energetics, Fatigue, and Training

Problem Set 3.2. Neuromuscular Transmission, Muscle Force, and Energetics

3.8. Smooth Muscle

Unit 4: The Nervous System

4.1. Organization of the Nervous System

4.2. Cells, Synapses, and Neurotransmitters

4.3. Cutaneous Sensory Systems

4.4. Spinal Reflexes

4.5. Balance and Control of Movement

Problem Set 4.1. Nerve Conduction

4.6. The Chemical Senses

4.7. Hearing

4.8. Vision

4.2 Problem Set. Sensory Transduction

4.9. Autonomic Nervous System

Unit 5: The Cardiovascular System

5.1. Overview of the Cardiovascular System and the Blood

5.2. Plasma and Red Blood Cells

5.3. White Blood Cells and Inflammation

5.4. The Heart as a Pump

Problem Set 5.1. Blood

5.5. The Cardiac Action Potential

5.6. The Electrocardiogram

5.7. The Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

5.8. The Cardiac Function Curve

Problem Set 5.2. Cardiac Work

5.9. Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

5.10. The Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

5.11. Regulation of Perfusion

5.12. Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

5.13. Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Problem Set 5.3. Hemodynamics and Microcirculation

Unit 6: Respiratory Physiology

6.1. The Mechanics of Breathing

6.2. Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

6.3. Gas Exchange in the Lungs

Problem Set 6.1. Airway Resistance and Alveolar Gas Exchange

6.4. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

6.5. Acid-Base Physiology I: The Bicarbonate Buffer System and Respiratory Compensation

6.6. Control of Ventilation

Problem Set 6.2. Gas Transport and pH Disturbances

Unit 7: Renal Physiology

7.1. Body Fluid Compartments

7.2. Functional Anatomy of the Kidneys and Overview of Kidney Function

7.3. Glomerular Filtration

Problem Set 7.1. Fluid Volumes, Glomerular Filtration, and Clearance

7.4. Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

7.5. Mechanism of Concentration and Dilution of Urine

7.6. Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

7.7. Renal Component of Acid-Base Balance

Problem Set 7.2. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Acid-Base Balance

Unit 8: Gastrointestinal Physiology

8.1. Mouth and Esophagus

8.2. The Stomach

8.3. Intestinal and Colonic Chemoreception and Motili