The essays collected in this volume represent a selection of publications on binomials and multinomials by Hans Sauer (1946-2022), professor emeritus of English Philology at the University of Munich. The book begins with a comprehensive survey of binomials in the history of English. In each essay, these constructions are then classified according to form and function, etymology, and semantic structure. The volume concludes with a summary of Hans Sauer's main assumptions and insights. His corpus comprises medieval English historiographical, religious, and scientific texts such as The Wise Book of Philosophy and Astronomy, The Historye of the Patriarks, or Pecock's Donet, but also literary works like Gower's Confessio Amantis, Lydgate's Troy Book, and Richard Coer de Lyon. Hans Sauer's work also deals with binomials and multinomials in various translations, e.g., Aldred's glosses to the Lindisfarne Gospels, the Old English versions of Alexander's Letter to Aristotle and Theodulfi Capitula, translations commonly attributed to King Alfred's circle, Caxton's Ovid, and Hoccleve's translation of Christine de Pizan's Epistre au dieu d'amours. In addition, he discusses a Middle English and an Early Modern English translation of Boccaccio's De mulieribus claris as well as two Modern English translations of an early Chinese version of the Lotus Sutra. Hans Sauer's extensive research on binomials showcases their importance as complex linguistic and stylistic phenomena featuring in a wide range of literary and non-literary texts from the early Middle Ages until today.


CONTENTS


Personal Preface by Gabriele Sauer ix
Preface by the Editors xi


Abbreviations and Signs xiii


Acknowledgements xv


Introduction 1


i) Heaven and Earth, Good and Bad, Answered and Said: A Survey of English Binomials and Multinomials 6


ii) Binomials in the Old English Translation of Alexander's Letter to Aristotle 36


iii) Binomials in Three Alfredian Texts (Old English Dialogues, Old English Soliloquies, Old English Bede): Structure, Function, and Lexicographical (Non-)Treatment 73


iv) Aldred's Combinations with efne, eft and ymb: Their Status (Word-Formation, Glossing Device, or Both) and their Treatment in Dictionaries 93


v) Binomials in Translated Old English Prose: The Theodulfi Capitula 115


vi) The Middle English Romance Richard Coer de Lyon and its Use of Binomials 150


vii) Syntax and Beyond: Binomials in the Apollonius Story as Told by Gower 179


viii) Medieval Multitasking: Hoccleve Translates Christine de Pizan and Imitates Chaucer, for Example his Binomials 195


ix) In Defence of Lydgate: Lydgate's Use of Binomials in his Troy Book 218


x) Where Caxton Translates Freely: Binomials in his Ovid 255


xi) Twin-Formulae and More in Late Middle English: The Historye of the Patriarks, Caxton's Ovid, and Pecock's Donet 279


xii) Binomials in the Middle English and Early Modern English Versions of Boccaccio's De Mulieribus Claris 297


xiii) Flexible and Formulaic: Binomials and Multinomials in the Late Middle English The Wise Book of Philosophy and Astronomy 315


xiv) The World in Two Words: Binomials in Two English Translations of the Lotus Sutra 334