Acknowledgements Foreword Synopsis 1. Introduction 2. Elias Canetti and his Relationship with Crowds; 2.1. Canetti's Life; 2.2. Works by Canetti; 2.3. Canetti's encounters with Crowds; 2.3.1. The murder of Walther Rathenau und thedemonstrations in Frankfurt; 2.3.2. The Burning of the Viennese Court of Justice; 2.3.3. Captivity for 35 years and until death; 2.3.4. Being inside and outside of the crowd 3. Portrayal of the crowds in Canetti's Masse und Macht; 3.1. Open and Closed Crowds (Offene und Geschlossene Massen); 3.1.1. Open Crowds (Offene Massen); 3.1.2. Geschlossene Massen (Closed Crowds); 3.2. Aspects of Crowds; 3.3. Classification of the crowds based on their Attributes; 3.4. Crowds of descendants; 3.5. Classification of the crowds based on Emotions; 3.5.1. The Hetzmasse (baiting crowd); 3.5.2. The Fluchtmasse (The flight or fleeing crowd); 3.5.3. The Verbotsmasse (Prohibition Crowds); 3.5.4. The Umkehrungsmasse (Reversal Crowds); 3.5.5. The Festmasse (Feast Crowds); 3.6. Canetti's Theory of the Doppelmassen (The Double Crowds); 3.7. Crowd Crystals; 3.8. Crowd Symbols; 3.9. The packs and religions; 3.10. Crowds and religions; 3.11. Crowds in History; 3.11.1. Crowds & Command 4. Portrayal of the Crowds in the other major works of Elias Canetti; 4.1. Crowds in Die Blendung; 4.2. Portrayal of the crowds in Canetti's plays; 4.2.1. Komödie der Eitelkeit (The Comedy of Vanity); 4.2.2. Hochzeit (The Wedding); 4.2.3. Die Befristeten (The Numbered); 4.3. Elements of Doppelmassen in Die Stimmen von Marrakesch; 4.4. Canetti's Autobiographies; 4.4.1. Die gerettete Zunge (The Tongue Set Free); 4.4.2. Die Fackel im Ohr (The Torch in My Ear); 4.4.2. Das Augenspiel (Play of the Eyes) 5. Canetti's Theories as Applied to the Crowds in the Present World; 5.1. The Multiple Crowd that United Germany; 5.2. The Y2K Crowd; 5.3. The 9/11 Crowd; 5.4. The lamenting Crowd - Death of Princess Diana; 5.5. The festive Crowd of Oktoberfest; 5.6. The Fluchtmasse: The anti-euro Crowd in Sweden; 5.7. The Verbotsmasse: The Crowd of Stuttgart 21; 5.8. The Umkehrungsmasse: The Occupy Wall Street Crowd; 5.9. The Umkehrungsmasse: The despairing Crowd in Greece; 5.10. The Umkehrungsmasse: The Crowd of Arab Spring; 5.11. The Festmasse: The festive Crowd of Times Square; 5.12. The ring Crowd in a German Football Stadium; 5.13. The Unsichtbare Masse: The Crowd in Space 6. Canetti's Theories as applied to the Crowd Symbol and Crowds in Today's India; 6.1. Fire as the unifying force; 6.2. Fire in Hinduism; 6.3. Canetti and Fire; 6.4. The Crowd Symbol of India; 6.5. Canetti and the Crowds in India; 6.5.1. India's Freedom Struggle - Deformation of a non-violent Crowd; 6.5.2. The Crowd of Ganesh Chathurthi in Mumbai - A symbol of religious harmony; 6.5.3. Attukal Pongala - The feminine crowd; 6.5.4. The Cricket Crowd in India; 6.5.5. The Crowd at Sabarimala - A symbol of universal Faith; 6.5.6. The devout Crowd of human Gods 7. Canetti's Theories as Applied to the Crowd in the Virtual World; 7.1. The State of Iran vs. Social Networks; 7.2. The Virtual Crowds and their Challenges Today 8. Conclusion; 8.1. Political, social and economic changes in the last two decades and their impact on crowd formation and disintegration; 8.2. Crowds in today's India Bibliography Elias Canetti's Biography